Similarly, mice lacking GM-CSF (Csf2−/−) or the receptor β chain (Csf2rb−/−) develop PAP [6], [7], [8], [9] and display increased susceptibility to a range of bacterial and fungal infections, which is associated with impaired innate functions of AM [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and fungal infectious disease.