CD4 and infection: To determine the role of antigen – persistence in the maintenance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IL-19 and IL-24 in filarial infections, we measured the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing these IL-19, IL-24, and IL-10 in two subsets of INF individuals, one subset having eliminated infection as demonstrated by the absence of circulating filarial antigen (Cured, n = 9) and the other who continued to harbor infection (Not cured, n = 7) following administration of anti-filarial chemotherapy.