CD4 and lymphedema: To examine the association of IL-19, IL-24 and IL-26 with immune responses in human filarial infections, we examined the expression pattern of these cytokines in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at homeostasis (ex vivo) and following antigen – stimulation in clinically asymptomatic filarial-infected and -uninfected individuals as well as those with disease associated with LF (lymphedema and/or elephantiasis).