INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In patients with type 2 diabetes, clinical interventions initially focus on regaining glucose homeostasis through lifestyle-induced weight loss and/or with pharmacotherapies designed to reduce hepatic glucose production (e.g. metformin), enhance beta cell function (e.g. sulfonylureas), reduce glycogen concentrations (e.g. gliptins) or sensitise peripheral cells to the effects of insulin (e.g. thiazolidinediones).