From this study, we found that tissue bowel IL-1β and IL-6 amounts were evidently increased, and NF-κB (p65) was activated and underwent nuclear transfer in hypoxia/hypothermia-mediated NEC, indicating that the NF-κB signaling participated in the pathogenesis of neonatal rat NEC and is involved in the function of signal transduction. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and necrotizing enterocolitis.