A significant overall increase in the number of ALK5-positive cells per field was found in the pancreatitis-induced groups compared to sham at both 9 and 24 h (Figure 2(g), 53 versus 32; P < 0.001 and 45 versus 32; P < 0.05; resp). The gene discussed is TGFBR1; the disease is pancreatitis.