Bazhin et al. showed that in addition to PDE6, other proteins in the phototransduction pathway, including rhodopsin, transducin, cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) channels, guanylyl cyclase, rhodopsin kinase, recoverin and arrestin, are also expressed to varying degrees, although all to a lesser extent than PDE6, in melanoma cell lines and tissues, and they refer to these expressed genes as cancer-retina antigens (Bazhin, et al. 2007). This evidence concerns the gene RCVRN and cancer.