ADRB2 and heart failure: While much research has focused on defining the myriad βAR signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes, relatively fewer studies have explored the responses to βAR stimulation in cardiac fibroblasts, which have been shown to influence proliferation, survival, and the development of cardiac dysfunction during heart failure (Kim et al. 2002; Colombo et al. 2003; Turner et al. 2003; Cervantes et al. 2010; D'Souza et al. 2011; Jaffre et al. 2012).