Similar conflicting reports exist for the association between FGF23 and CAC in pre-dialysis CKD patients: Gutiérrez et al. [33] found no association between FGF23 and CAC in pre-dialysis patients in a multivariate analysis, whereas Nakayama et al. [34] reported FGF23 to be independently related to CAC in patients even at Stages 1 and 2 [34]. Here, FGF23 is linked to chronic kidney disease.