The mechanisms of action of DIF-1 and DIF-3 have been analyzed in several different types of tumor cells but remain to be elucidated (Jingushi et al., 2012; Jingushi et al., 2013; Kanai et al., 2003; Kubohara et al., 1995; Kubohara, 1997; Kubohara, 1999; Kubohara and Hosaka, 1999; Shimizu et al., 2004; Takahashi-Yanaga et al., 2003; Takahashi-Yanaga et al., 2006). This evidence concerns the gene GGNBP2 and neoplasm.