NOD1 and cancer: NOD1 gene polymorphisms have been associated with a variety of cancer types, possibly due to the recognition by this innate immunity protein of ligands from H. pylori (etiologic agent in gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma), C. trachomatis (putative etiologic agent in ovarian cancer), P. acnes (possible causative agent in PCa) and C. pneumonia (plausible etiological agent in lung cancer) [15].