In addition, in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer it was shown that oncogenic K-Ras or B-Raf signaling resulted in a modest (< 2-fold) upregulation in Nrf2 expression, leading to an increase in Nrf2 protein level, and Nrf2-dependent gene transcription, which ultimately contributed to a cellular detoxification program that aided tumorigenesis in this model (DeNicola et al., 2011). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.