IL17A and Cowden disease: In a clinical trial of patients with inflammatory CD, however, blockade of anti-IL-17A by administration of the anti-IL-17A antibody secukinumab failed to improve disease activity, was associated with a high rate of serious adverse events and had to be stopped prematurely since predefined criteria for futility were met[43], indicating that further studies are necessary before using anti-IL-17-based strategies in the therapy of intestinal fibrosis.