FGF23 and endothelial dysfunction: These molecules include: C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFRII), TGF-β1 and pentraxin-3 as cytokines involved in the development of CKD; asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a marker of endothelial dysfunction and consequent kidney damage[26]; fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), adiponectin and apolipoprotein A-IV as metabolic factors involved in the regulation of kidney metabolism; and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) as molecules involved in oxidative stress, which can contribute to CKD pathogenesis.