Although it is presently unknown whether the tumor-associated NCR-ligands could also be induced by viral infections, there are evidences that certain viruses, such as filovirus or HIV, can promote the expression of still undefined NKp46- or NKp30-ligands on DCs or T cells (49, 50) Moreover, CMV-infected DCs can activate NK cells via NKp46 and DNAM-1 (51). This evidence concerns the gene NCR1 and viral infectious disease.