MPIG6B and infection: While it is tempting to speculate that the identification of homologues of a protease, a FREP and an immunoglobulin-receptor amongst the most highly expressed transcripts in UB (collected from the same natural water bodies as IB) may be associated with a ‘successful’ defense response against O. viverrini, which ultimately resulted in prevention or clearance of the infection (similarly to resistant strains of B. glabrata), such a hypothesis requires rigorous testing.