BECN1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: For example, Beclin 1 expression is upregulated in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma, and extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma [6–8], but is downregulated in high-grade gliomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [9–11].