CAR T cell therapy approaches for AML remain primarily in the preclinical testing phase in the U.S. and Europe, although Phase 1 trials of anti-CD33 CAR T cell therapy (NCT01864902; children ≥5 years of age eligible) and anti-Lewis-Y CAR T cell therapy (NCT01716364; patients ≥18 years of age) for patients with relapsed/refractory AML were recently opened in China and Australia, respectively (33). This evidence concerns the gene CD33 and acute myeloid leukemia.