The upregulation of DMT1 in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients and in the substantia nigra of mice exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a neurotoxin known to induce several features of Parkinson's disease, has been demonstrated [144]. This evidence concerns the gene SLC11A2 and Parkinson disease.