CD274 and neoplasm: The current field of cancer immunotherapy is divided between treatments that encourage global activation of cytotoxic immune responses, such as exogenous cytokines and antibodies targeting T cell-inhibitory signals (e.g., anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA4), and treatments based on tumor antigens, which aim to stimulate destruction of cancerous tissues by engaging a specific population of tumor-reactive CTLs (e.g., cancer vaccines and autologous T cell transfers).