PTEN and epilepsy: Additionally, PTEN mutations have been associated with a number of neurological conditions, such as epilepsy, macrocephaly, mental retardation, and autism spectrum disorders (Marsh et al., 1999; Goffin et al., 2001; Zhou et al., 2003; Butler et al., 2005; Herman et al., 2007; O’Roak et al., 2012; Epi4K Consortium and Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project, 2013).