Deletion of TSC1 and TSC2 has been shown to reduce dendritic spine density among cortical neurons in vivo (Tavazoie et al., 2005; Meikle et al., 2008) and hippocampal pyramidal cells in organotypic explant cultures (Tavazoie et al., 2005; Meikle et al., 2008); Since both TSC and PTEN KO mice develop epilepsy, however, many of the changes observed in these animals likely reflect phenomena secondary to the occurrence of increased activity and spontaneous seizures (Wong and Guo, 2013). This evidence concerns the gene TSC1 and epilepsy.