MuRF2 and MuRF3 are not transcriptionally upregulated by atrophic stimuli, but they act synergistically with MuRF1 (e.g. myosin is co-degraded by MuRF1 and MuRF3 [26], while MuRF1 and MuRF2 jointly modulate cardiac hypertrophy by acting on CARP/EEF1G [21]). Here, TRIM63 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.