CGA and congestive heart failure: As CgA is much more stable than catecholamines in the circulatory system, itsplasmatic levels reflect the sympathetic tone and adrenomedullary system activity,that are altered in chronic heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, and hypertension.High CgA plasma levels are strictly associated with mortality risk after myocardialinfarction or acute coronary syndrome as well as heart failure while increasedcatestatin concentrations appear to improve post-ischemic recovery by reducing themyocardial infarct size and the increment of diastolic left ventricular pressure(27, 61, 62).