APOBEC3B and malaria: In addition, because other studies have suggested that APOBEC3B gene deficiency is associated with higher susceptibility to two other ancient pathogens, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 [43], [44] and Plasmodium falciparum (the causative agent of malaria) [45], it would be beneficial to further investigate the correlations between APOBEC3B genotype and susceptibility to unknown pathogens.