In the past castration-resistant prostate cancer, now with a median overall survival of 18.4 months with combination therapy of docetaxel and AR blocker MDV3100, was misunderstood as an ‘androgen independent’ form of prostate cancer based on the observations that it is able to recur and more importantly aggressively metastasize in patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy [23]. The gene discussed is AR; the disease is prostate carcinoma.