IL17A and Autoimmunity: That ES-62 targets IL-17 production by CD4+ and γδ T cells, but does not modulate IL-17 production by CD49+ NK cells, suggests that ES-62-based therapy would still allow the rapid and transient NK T cell-mediated responses required for immune surveillance and host defence, while down-regulating long-term, adaptive IL-17 production resulting in autoimmunity and inflammation.