Although ES-62 reduces the levels of γδ T cells and their ability to produce IL-17 in CIA (Fig. 2a), we did not observe any effect of ES-62 on CD49b+ natural killer (NK and iNK T) cells (Fig. 2b), other innate lymphocytes that are an important source of IL-17 both during infections and also in CIA in response to IL-23 [92,93]. Here, IL17A is linked to infection.