MYC and cancer: Even though the underlying mechanisms of the deregulation of glucose metabolism in cancer cells have not yet been completely elucidated, a number of tumor-related genes, such as c-myc and hypoxia inducible factors-1α (HIF-1α), are known to participate in modulating energy metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells.30 Most factors that are crucial for maintaining the cancer metabolic phenotype have been reported to consistently alter the PI3-K/Akt-related signaling pathway.