IDH3A and cancer: By intensively investigating the biological function of metabolic genes in cancer cells, scientists have discovered some of these genes, such as pyruvate kinase M2 and isocitrate dehydrogenases, to be able to perform some unexpected but critical functions that differ from their primary role in metabolism.25,26 Herein we found that HK2 could not only potently induce glycolysis, but also significantly inhibit mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, which is vital for LMP1-mediated radiation resistance.