In cancer cells, for HK2 to exert its anti-apoptotic function, HK2 translocates to the mitochondrial outer membrane and interacts with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) to block the release of cytochrome c, eventually inhibiting caspase-9-dependent apoptosis.12,13 To evaluate the influence of LMP1 on the intracellular localization of HK2, mitochondrial fractions from NPC cells, with or without LMP1 expression, were extracted and immunoblotted with antibodies to detect HK2, tubulin and VDAC. Here, CASP9 is linked to cancer.