VIM and colorectal carcinoma: As β-catenin induces transcription of the FRA1 gene in CRC cells, FRA1/β-catenin cooperativity may play an important role in controlling localized transcription of pro-invasive genes in colorectal tumors, a notion supported by our finding that FRA1 directly binds and regulates several pro-invasive β-catenin targets, including MMP14, LAMC2, VIM and ZEB1[11], [42]–[46].