Although different TLR7/8 ligands, resiquimod and ssRNA, have been reported to up-regulate HIF-1α expression and induce TLR7/8-mediated inflammatory response in TLR7/8 expressing-THP1 cells [22, 23], we observed that over-expression of TLR7 but not TLR8 could further enhance the IMQ-enhanced aerobic glycolysis in BCC cells (Fig. S1B, S1C and S1D). Here, TLR7 is linked to skin basal cell carcinoma.