Although markers of astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) and the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κb) remained unaffected by the IVIg treatment, in 16-month-old mice, it significantly decreased the levels of chitinase 3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), a protein possibly involved in the neuroinflammatory response[33], as determined by immunoblot analyses of cortex extracts from 3xTg-AD mice (Figure 6C). Here, NFKB1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.