In addition to that seen in sepsis, the encephalopathies of malaria (often referred to as cerebral malaria), trypanosomiasis, AIDS and influenza warrant examining to see if whether orexigenic neuronal activity is depleted, and i.c.v. orexin restores function, since deep prolonged pathological sleep (that is, reversible coma without rationale) and high TNF are already in place [117-122]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is influenza.