IFN-ß induction by infection with influenza A virus (IAV) ΔNS1, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or by transfection of poly rI: poly rC (pIC) was significantly reduced in the absence of DHX36 as revealed by quantification of IFN-ß protein (Figure 1B–D) and mRNA (Figure 1E and Figure 1F). This evidence concerns the gene DHX36 and infection.