With regard to B lymphocytes in the intima/media, neither VEGF-C, MMP-9, TGF-β1, IL-4, IL-8, MIP-1α, IFN-γ, nor MCP-1 were expressed, which suggested that B cells may not play a major role in lymphangiogensis in AAA walls. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is triple-A syndrome.