In our model of BA, as is mentioned above, the NK cells in newborn mice infected by RRV are incapable of attacking or eliminating RRV-infected cholangiocytes, which leads to persistent viral infection in their bile ducts, increasing release of HMGB1 and destruction of cholangiocytes when the NK cells maturate with the aging of these newborn mice with persistent RRV infection. Here, HMGB1 is linked to viral infectious disease.