These studies have shown that MK5 may be involved in a wide range of biological processes including control of the cytoskeletal architecture by F-actin remodelling [12,23–26], tumour growth and progression by stimulating angiogenesis [27], tumour suppression by Myc downregulation or antagonizing the JNK pathway [28,29], or interfering with ERK3-mediated cell cycle control, and B-cell development by activating Rag transcription via Foxol [18,30–32]. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is neoplasm.