PBMC IL-17 production levels were significantly higher in patients with esophageal (705.9±164.0, P<0.05), gastric (1167.1±135.6, P<0.005), colorectal (1231.4±145.5, P<0.005), hepatocellular (1133.6±212.6, P<0.05) cholangiocellular (1181.5±261.6, P<0.05) and pancreatic (1033.3±84.0, P<0.01) carcinoma compared to those in healthy volunteers (544.6±133.4) (Fig. 2) (all values are expressed as pg/ml). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and carcinoma.