INS and Insulin resistance: Type 2 diabetes is associated with impaired insulin release or insulin resistance, impaired glucose, lipid metabolisms, and increased indices of oxidative stress.4,5 Recent investigations suggest that PSO may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by ameliorating high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.6,7 In line with these findings, pure free isolated punicic acid decreased fasting plasma glucose and improved glucose normalizing ability.8 Moreover, PSO was shown to have antioxidant activity9,10 and favorable effects on lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic subjects.11