In E. multilocularis lesions, IL-5 mRNA expression was present from the early stage (2.3-fold at day 2); however (Figure 3B), there was a peak of 13.6-fold at day 90, and a significant difference between E. multilocularis infected mice and control mice, all over the middle and late stages of infection, at the time points of 60-, 90-, 180- and 360-days p.i. (P<0.05). Here, IL5 is linked to infection.