In addition, the GAT domains of human GGA1 and GGA3, but not GGA2, bind ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins (Shiba et al. 2004; Yogosawa et al. 2006), and GGA1 and GGA3, but not GGA2, are depleted in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (Walker et al. 2012). This evidence concerns the gene GGA3 and Alzheimer disease.