In a more focused study, tumor suppressor genes were identified that are hypermethylated in the early stages of HCC.16 Eight genes (HIC1, GSTP1, SOCS1, RASSF1, CDKN2A, APC, RUNX3 and PRDM2) displayed significantly increased methylation in early HCCs and were associated with shorter-time-to-HCC occurrence. This evidence concerns the gene CDKN2A and hepatocellular carcinoma.