TSC1 and benign neoplasm: While the loss of TSC1 in cells of non hematopoietic origin appears to provide a selective advantage for the cell, allowing the formation of hamartomas and the accumulation of additional mutation in proto-oncogenes and oncogenes [34], it appears to provide a selective disadvantage to hematopoietic stem cells [20] and T cells, possibly as a result of an attenuated PI3K/AKT signaling, as it was shown for benign tumors [35].