MMP2 and Salla disease: We reported that recombinant TIMP-2 retarded patterned VM formation in 3-D matrices of GBC-SD and xenografts within 2 weeks of seeding and injecting, and downregulated expression of MMP-2, MT1-MMP, PI3-K and Ln-5γ2 proteins/mRNAs in vitro and in vivo, whereas all of untreated GBC-SD cells and xenografts formed vasculogenic-like patterned networks, upregulated expression of these VM signaling-related proteins/mRNAs; so believed that TIMP-2 inhibited VM formation of GBC-SD cells in vitro and in vivo through suppression of the PI3-K/MMPs/Ln-5γ2 signaling pathway [24].