TP53 and cancer: The analysis of the cancer pathways in GBM has been facilitated by whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing and indicated that in 85.3 % of the tumors, the regulation of the p53 pathway was disrupted through mutation/deletion of TP53 (27.9 %), amplification of MDM1/2/4 (15.1 %), and/or deletion of CDKN2A (57.8 %).