The recent association of polymorphisms in the human NLRP1 gene with susceptibility to congenital toxoplasmosis, evidence that P2X(7) receptors influence parasite proliferation in mouse cells, and the finding that IL-1β responses in Toxoplasma infected human monocytes are dependent on caspase-1 and the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC all suggest that the inflammasome plays a role in determining the outcome of Toxoplasma infection in humans and mice [13]–[15]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP1 and congenital toxoplasmosis.