CDKN2A and infection: Firstly, latent/early or possibly regressing lesions showing a low viral load and an absence of productive phase HPV replication (Figure 1, column a); secondly, and most usually, productive phase infections indicated by abundant superficial diffuse nuclear CISH staining patterns (Figure 1, columns b and c); and thirdly, lesions that may have the potential to progress as indicated especially by BME+ p16 protein and transformative mRNA expression (Figure 1, column d).