Although this study is limited by the numbers of CIN specimens assessed, the correlation between HPV RNA CISH signal patterns and CIN grade, and in particular the distinction between CIN 2 and CIN 3 is notable and worthy of further investigation; p16INK4a IHC staining can indicate high-grade CIN but not the difference between CIN 2 and CIN 3 [16]. This evidence concerns the gene CISH and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.