In addition, TGF-β-induced EMT was blocked by inhibiting the activation of p38 MAPK in mouse mammary epithelial cells, and p38 MAPK inhibitors blocked TGF-β1-stimulated migration of non-tumor and tumor cells, which suggest that p38 MAPK may act in parallel or in cooperation with a SMAD-dependent pathway in chemotactic responses to TGF-β1 [42,43]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.