PLAU and neoplasm: For example, Schwarte- Waldhoff and his colleagues reported that the restoration of SMAD4 in SW480 colon cells reduced expression levels of the endogenous urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) genes, involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins and the control of tumor cell migration and invasion [39].