Across all classification systems, age, age at diabetes diagnosis, diabetes duration, HbA1c, percentage of insulin users, triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol, systolic BP, prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypertension, lipid-lowering therapy, and anti-hypertensive treatment (including usage of blockers of the renin-angiotensin system), BMI, and waist circumference tended to increase, whereas HDL cholesterol and, except in the AKDN system, percentage of current smokers decreased. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is metabolic syndrome.