For example, TLR4 signaling with LPS was shown to activate innate IL-10 production in response to Bordetella pertussis, which both directly, and by promoting the induction of IL-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1), inhibit Th1 responses and limit inflammatory pathology in the lungs during infection with B. pertussis (6). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and infection.