TLR3 and viral infectious disease: Polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) condensed with poly-l-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose (Poly IC:LC) is another chemically stabilized version of synthetic double-stranded RNA, which has been shown to activate TLR-3, resulting in the protection of mice and rhesus monkeys from infection with yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, and rabies viruses (54, 55).