BRAF and pancreatic neoplasm: This suggests a potential requirement for either oncogenic KRAS or BRAF-related signal transduction as a critically important step in the malignant transformation of most pancreatic tumors, and also implies that the RAF-MAP signaling pathway plays a critical role in mediating cancer-causing signals in the RAS pathway (Maitra et al., 2006; Koorstra et al., 2008).