Although atrial cardiomyocytes from paroxysmal AF (pAF) patients also have increased SR Ca2+-leak, spontaneous SR Ca2+-release events and DADs, these effects appear to be CaMKII-independent, since CaMKII expression and Thr287 autophosphorylation were not changed in pAF patients (Voigt et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene CAMK2G and Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.